Suspended sediment generation is a predominant process in most watersheds, which has an important role in total sediment yield reached the main outlet of the watershed. However, the determination of contribution of main sediment sources in the watersheds, as one of fundamental bases of sediment management practices, has been rarely considered. Hence, on the present case study was conducted Galazchai Watershed in West-Azarbaijan Province, Iran, with an area of some 103 km2 to investigate the contribution of wash and bed sediment sources in total suspended sediment yield. Towards this attempt, sediment samples from 12 storm events which occurred during the spring of 2014 and autumn of 2014, were collected and subjected to laser particle size distribution measurement. The suspended sediment particle size distribution results verified a significant contribution of wash load with an average of 89. 45± 11. 95% in suspended sediment supply for the study storms. The mean contribution in the spring of 2014, summer of 2014 and autumn of 2014 were founded to be 92. 17, 90. 71 and 85. 80%, respectively. The results consequently verified the necessity of special attention to management of watershed upstream in order to plan a proper sediment management of the study watershed.

Background: There are still differences and contradictions on the issue of impression techniques with and without any space for putty-wash impression materials.Aim: This study was designed to investigate the differences between two techniques of impression with and without specification.Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out using laboratory models. 10 impressions were taken for each technique and stone models were poured. Six dimensions of 20 models were measured and compared with laboratory model by the use oft-test analysis. The results are as follows:Results:These two technique has no statistical significant effect on die height. Impression technique without space in relation to impression technique with space causes die diameter reduction. Impression technique without space in relation to impression technique with Space causes increased distance between dies. Presence of undercut under the finishing line reinforces reduction in diameter in without space impression technique.Conclusion: Usage of impression technique with space in relation to impression technique without space is more preferable.

Purpose: In the two-step putty wash impression technique after providing first impression, sometimes there are defects in the impression that can be corrected by rewash (reline), although there are different opinions regarding this technique. This study was performed by experimental method on laboratory model. Materials & Methods: In addition to ten impressions from a laboratory model with routine putty-wash technique (single wash) as control group, another ten impressions were taken with rewash (double wash) technique for evaluation. Then die stones were poured and 20 stone models were provided. Different dimensions of all stone models were compared with lab model and the results were analyzed by t - test.Results: The height of die in the rewash impression technique comparing with control group decreased but its p-value was not statistically significant. Meanwhile in the rewash technique, there was a significant decrease in die diameter and the distance between two dies increased due to shrinkage.Conclusion: 1-Rewash impression technique leads to reduction in die diameter. 2- When there is an undercut below finishing line, die diameter significantly decrease in rewash technique. 3- Rewash technique is debatable because of reduction in tooth diameter, so it is not advisable.

Background and Aim: It is believed that a period of healing, approximately 3-4 months for mandible and 4-6 months for maxilla, are required to ensure osseointegration. Recently, a new method called Immediate loading of implants have been proposed. This method provides improved stability of the implant by the immediate support of an iterim prosthesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the success rate of the Immediate loading single OPILS dental implants.Materials and Methods: Thirty-nine patients, including 26 females and 13 males, at the minimum age of 18 and maximum age of 54 years old, received 48 OPILS dental implants. In this prospective study, all samples were non-smoking, without any systemic disease or psychological problem. In all cases, and acrylic prefabricated crown was placed immediately after implant surgery. The definitive metal-ceramic crown was placed 2.5 months later in mandible and 5.5 months later in maxillae. Lack of pain, pus, implant immobility and less than 1mm bone loss were criteria of success.Results: The oral hygiene of females were better than males, 26 women had plaque index (0) and 11 of them had plaque index (1) where as out of 13 male subjects, 4 had plaque index (0), 6 had plaque index (2) and (3) had plaque index (3). The mean vertical bone loss, on mesial and distal parts, were less than 1mm, with the min. of 0 and max. of 0.4mm and the average of 0.2mm. All implants pass the defined criteria of success.Conclusion: On the basis of this short-term study, in single tooth cases, OPILS implants of Neo-Dent system can be loaded immediately.

Background & Aim: Impression making is considered as an important step in the fixed prosthodontics.the different impression material and techniques have been supposed to be important in the dimensional changes of dies. Furthermore, the results of different studies in this regard are contradictory. The present study compared the results of two impression making techniques of putty-wash including two-step with space and double -wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity.Materials & Methods: In this experimentalinvitro study on the laboratory model, 10 impressions were made using two-step putty-wash technique with space and 10 impressions were made using double-wash techniqueby means of LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The impressions were poured using Velmix gypsum after 30 minutes. The height and diameter of the dies without undercut and the distance between two dies were measured 6 times while the variables were measured 3 times in the gypsum models by a blind operator using profile projector with an accuracy of micron. The mean values were calculated and the dimensions of the gypsum laboratory models were statistically analyzed by t- test.Results: The die height was decreased using both techniques of two-step with space and double-wash technique with LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. The decrease was more pronounced in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity. However, no significant differences were found between both techniques (P>0.05). Die diameter without undercut was significantly decreased in the double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity (P<0.0001) while it was increased in the two-step technique with spaces. Slight distances were observed between two dies in the two-step impression technique with space. However, the distance between dies were increased using double-wash technique by LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity with significant differences (P<0.0001).Conclusion: The die diameter was decreased in the impression technique of double-wash using LIGHT and SUPER LIGHT viscosity while the distance between base teeth have been increased in this technique. Therefore, the technique is not accurate and needs more assessments.